In India, autoimmune diseases disproportionately affect women, with nearly seven out of every ten patients being female. These disorders occur when the immune system, which normally protects the body from infections, mistakenly attacks healthy cells and tissues. Conditions like rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, thyroid disorders, psoriasis, and Sjogren’s syndrome are becoming increasingly common, impacting joints, skin, blood vessels, and even vital organs such as the heart and lungs.
Biological Factors Increasing Women’s Risk
Experts explain that women’s immune systems, while generally stronger at fighting infections, are more prone to misfires, which can trigger autoimmune responses. Recent studies suggest that certain biological factors, including molecules unique to women that regulate the X chromosome, may confuse the immune system, causing it to target healthy cells.
Rising Cases
The rising prevalence of autoimmune diseases among younger populations has added urgency to the issue. Experts warn that delayed diagnosis often worsens outcomes, as many patients seek medical help only after years of enduring joint pain, fatigue, and other symptoms. By this stage, organ damage or permanent joint issues may already have occurred. Early screening and timely referrals are essential to prevent long-term disability and improve quality of life.
Lifestyle and Environmental Contributors
Lifestyle and environmental factors are also contributing to the surge in autoimmune diseases. Sedentary habits, poor diets, stress, insufficient sleep, and exposure to pollution and industrial chemicals can all disrupt immune function and hormone balance, increasing vulnerability. Experts note that these factors are particularly relevant for urban populations and younger women who face high stress and environmental challenges.
Shortage of Rheumatology Specialists
Despite the severity of the problem, India faces a severe shortage of rheumatology specialists, with fewer than 1,000 experts available to serve millions of patients. To address this gap, primary care doctors must be trained to recognise early warning signs and refer patients promptly.
Experts also emphasise that routine autoimmune screening, similar to tests for cancer or pregnancy, should be prioritised to detect and manage conditions before serious complications arise.
With autoimmune diseases now as common as diabetes or heart disease, experts stress that urgent awareness campaigns, increased research, and improved access to care are critical.
